If you have prediabetes or diabetes, you should avoid carbohydrates because it is the form of energy that stresses the insulin-producing beta-cells found in the pancreas.

It is these cells that can become exhausted during prediabetes and then "give up" when regular diabetes begins. If you have a fasting glucose value of 6.9 mmol/l, you have prediabetes, but if you have a confirmed value of 7.0 mmol/l or more, you are diagnosed with diabetes.

It is the liver that produces the glucose during the night and thus has the greatest significance for how high the glucose is in the morning, before any breakfast.

During the night, insulin normally slows down the liver's production of glucose, and if the insulin is not enough, the liver's glucose production during the night will rise and thus give high blood glucose in the morning.

Moderate exercise late at night can have an effect until the morning hours because the effect often lasts for about 12 hours or more. So, consider if you took a walk in the evening when you check out morning glucose levels!